Tabla

Electronic ConfigurationAr 4s2 3d3

Melting Point1887°C

Boiling Point3377°C

Density6.11g cm⁻³

Description

Soft and ductile, bright white metal. Good resistance to corrosion by alkalis, sulphuric and hydrochloric acid. It oxidizes readily about 933K. There are two naturally occurring isotopes of Vanadium, and 5 radioisotopes, ⁴⁹V having the longest half-life at 337 days. Vanadium has nuclear applications, the foil is used in cladding Titanium to steel, and Vanadium-gallium tape is used to produce a superconductive magnet. Originally discovered by Andres Manuel del Rio of Mexico City in 1801. His discovery went unheeded, however, and in 1820, Nils Gabriel Sefstron of Sweden rediscovered it. Metallic Vanadium was isolated by Henry Enfield Roscoe in 1867. The name Vanadium comes from Vanadis, a goddess of Scandinavian mythology. Silvery-white metallic transition element. Vanadium is essential to Ascidians. Rats and chickens are also known to require it. Metal powder is a fire hazard, and Vanadium compounds should be considered highly toxic. May cause lung cancer if inhaled.

Covalent Radius134pm

Double112pm

Triple106pm

Ionisation Energies

Oxidation States0, +2, +3, +4, +5

Uses

It is mixed with other metals to make very strong and durable alloys. Vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) is used as a catalyst, dye and color-fixer.

Electron Affinity50.655kJ mol⁻¹

Proton Affinity859.4kJ mol⁻¹

Electronegativity1.63PAULING

Atomic Volume8.35cm³ mol⁻¹

Atomic Radius134pm

Metallic Radius122pm

Van Der Waals Radius207pm

Sources

Found in the minerals patronite (VS₄), vanadinite [Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl], and carnotite [K₂(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂.3H₂O]. Pure metal produced by heating with C and Cl to produce VCl₃ which is heated with Mg in Ar atmosphere.

Discovery

Discovered in 1830 by Nils Sefström in Sweden

Name Origin

From Scandinavian goddess, Vanadis.

CAS7440-62-2

Crust Abundance120mg kg⁻¹

Sea Abundance0.0025mg dm⁻³

Enthalpy of Vapourisation 460kJ mol⁻¹

Enthalpy of Fusion17.5kJ mol⁻¹

Enthalpy of Formation515.5kJ mol⁻¹

Specific Heat - 20°C0.485J (g ⋅ K)⁻¹

Thermal Conductivity30.7W (m ⋅ K)⁻¹

Isotope	Abundance	Half Life
50V	0.25%	1.500x10¹⁷y
51V	99.75%	-

https://reuben.science

https://github.com/reubn/tabla

Using data from mendeleev.

MIT License Copyright (c) 2020 reubn Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. pb2bb3a9eb2b62a1fdf94